The transfer of data between the chipcard and the reading device is based on transponders. These are heavy-duty storage modules, that already become integrated during the manufacturing process. The chipmodule and the antenna (inductor coil) are prefabricated in so-called inlays and become inserted into a plastic-card as a discrete layer. The antenna powers the storage module and assures therewith the communication with the reading device. These chipcards work contactless, i.e. without direct contact between chip and reading device.
RFID-transponder in ID-1 card dimension |
The data transmission takes place by electromagnetic waves. A distinction is drawn between low-frequency and high-frequency systems. The write/read-distance is 3 up to 80 cm, depending on the type of chip and the antenna.
Typical application areas of this, nearly maintenance-free, technology are entrance/ access control, multifunctional employee identification cards and time-recording-systems.
Some of the transpondertypes show characteristics, which improve the security considerably. The memory of some transponderchips is apportioned into sectors, in which, independently from one another, different encrypted applications can be administered and protected against unauthorized access.
A combination of different systems (e.g. contact chip and transponder-technology) in one single card is also possible. Normally, such cards are called hybridcards or dual-interface-cards.
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